Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)

Degenerative Disc Disease is a disorder in which the intervertebral discs, which serve as cushions between the vertebrae, gradually degrade.Symptoms include numbness, tingling, back or neck pain, and pain that radiates to the arms or legs.Therapy options include physical therapy, medication, dietary adjustments, and, in extreme situations, surgery.

Herniated Disc

A herniated disc compresses surrounding nerves when the inner, gel-like core of the disc seeps out via a tear in the outer layer.Symptoms include numbness, muscle weakness, radiating pain in the limbs, and sharp back or neck pain.Treatment options include physical therapy, medication, epidural injections, and even surgery.

Spinal Stenosis

The narrowing of the spinal canal, known as spinal stenosis, can compress the spinal cord and nerves.Symptoms include walking difficulties, back and limb pain, numbness, or paralysis, and in more severe cases, loss of control over one’s bowels or bladder.Treatment options include prescription drugs, physical therapy, dietary changes, and maybe surgery.

Scoliosis

Scoliosis is an irregular lateral curvature of the vertebrae.Symptoms include backache, uneven hips or shoulders, and, in more severe situations, breathing problems.Treatment options include bracing, surgery in extreme situations, and observation.

Spinal Tumors

Spinal tumors are abnormal growths, either benign or malignant, that develop within or around the spine.Symptoms include neurological impairments, back pain, and in extreme situations, paralysis.Treatment options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and targeted therapy.

Spinal Infections

Osteomyelitis and discitis are examples of spinal infections that impact the vertebrae, intervertebral discs, or spinal canal.Symptoms include chills, fever, severe back pain, and neurological issues.Treatment options include antifungal or antibiotic drugs, as well as occasionally surgery.